The survival rate of premature infants with very low birth weight increased significantly, especially in chronic lung disease, intracranial hemorrhage and periventricular leukomalacia. Early intervention for survivors can significantly reduce mortality and disability rates. In clinical practice, attention should be paid to the following aspects in the treatment of ultra-low birth weight premature infants.
Prevention and treatment of complications is essential
Umbilical cord blood was collected immediately after asphyxia resuscitation for blood gas analysis so as to accurately determine the degree of fetal hypoxia. After admission, the head should be slightly backward and shoulder should be raised to keep the respiratory tract unobstructed and the oxygen saturation of blood should be maintained at about 90%.
Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) patients with gestational age less than 30 weeks should be treated with pulmonary surfactant 100 mg/kg as early as possible after birth. After the occurrence of respiratory distress syndrome, 100-200 mg/kg of pulmonary surfactant should be given as soon as possible. Sometimes two doses should be used at intervals of 6-12 hours, which can reduce the early and late complications of respiratory distress syndrome.
Apnea occurs in 90% of premature infants with very low birth weight, some of which can last up to 40 weeks of gestational age. The primary disease should be treated actively, and aminophylline should be used to improve respiratory status.
Treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia focuses on alleviating symptoms, improving lung function, controlling inflammation, maintaining proper oxygenation and promoting lung development. Low-level oxygen therapy can be used to maintain the body’s needs. In addition, glucocorticoids, diuretics and bronchodilators can be used to alleviate pulmonary edema and reduce airway resistance, but long-term use is not advocated.
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Page 1: Prevention and treatment of complications in premature infants is essential (1)
Page 2: Prevention and treatment of complications in premature infants is essential (2)
Page 3: Premature infants should pay attention to nutrition to prevent infection
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